Impact Of Literary Events On Life - 1546 Words

Impact of Literary Events on Life Before I talk about how I learn literacy, I want to introduce my mother tongue Chinese, because learning Chinese characters is different from others languages. Chinese characters are logograms, of which we have almost ten thousands Chinese characters in our written language, but only a few thousands in common use. Most Chinese characters are monosyllable. In modern Chinese, characters mainly divided into simplified and traditional, which Wikipedia explains as kinds of characters used in Asian countries and regions: â€Å"Simplified forms of certain characters are used in mainland China, Singapore, and Malaysia; the corresponding traditional characters are used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, and to a limited extent in South Korea.† In my opinion, simplified characters are easy to write, but traditional characters have more sense of beauty. Generally, in art or calligraphy people use traditional characters; in the daily life people use simplified characters. Of course, this only happens in China mainland, because in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau they only use traditional Chinese. I study Chinese at a very young age, so that I cannot remember how I start to learn it. I think maybe start at some simple characters like, Ã¥ ° (small), Ã¥ ¤ §(big), ä º º(people or human), taught to me by my parents. Then I begin to learn the Chinese phonetics, the phonetics like English letter â€Å"a b c †¦Ã¢â‚¬  except â€Å"v† and add â€Å"à ¼Ã¢â‚¬  in that. This is why we can use keyboard to input Chinese inShow MoreRelatedEmily Dickinson And Susan Dickinsons Poetry1149 Words   |  5 Pagesthe poet and the author was initiated by particular events from her biography, the moments that were defined by meeting people who played a substantial role in Dickinsons becoming a poet. Besides, because she started writing profusely at the time when the United States undergo one of the most paramount crisis in its history, one cannot avoid focusing on the role of the Civil War of her literary subject matter as well as her unique style of literary expression. As a resu lt, to trace Dickinsons growthRead MoreSymbolism In This Is Where It Ends By Marieke Nijkamp786 Words   |  4 Pages Opportunity’s life shattered as soon as the first gunshot went off. All because of the other student’s actions that built up, until Opportunity couldn’t stand the pressure anymore. In the story This is Where it Ends by Marieke Nijkamp the literary elements of symbolism, point of view, and setting help develop the theme that even the smallest of actions can impact someone in the greatest of ways. This theme is explored in many ways throughout the novel by the use of many techniques. The novelRead MoreAmerican History And Literature : The Roaring Twenties, The Great Depression, And Wwii942 Words   |  4 Pagesliterature. Considering that events such as WWI, the Roaring Twenties, the Great Depression, and WWII had formidable impacts on many people who lived during those parts of the early 20th century; it would be apropos to assume that many writers of that time had major influences in their writing styles out of the various events that occurred during those times. One popular literary movement during this time, however, was modernism; best depicted as a rejection of prior literary trends (mostly realism) thatRead More Comparing Sexy versus A Temporary Matter i n Interpreter of Maladies806 Words   |  4 PagesJhumpa Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies, where few stories of open-endings have an immense impact on the reader by creating a hunger to know what happens next. There is always one very noticeable advantage open-ended stories have over close-ended stories, that is the impact on the reader. The impact that makes the reader think, imagine and creates immaculate suspense as the reader is following the life of the protagonist with utmost anticipation, but all of sudden the story ends and the reader’sRead MoreEdgar Allan Poes Impact on American Literature1379 Words   |  6 Pageshistory. His horror stories have impacted numerous authors and their stories over the years. Various people have tried to copy his way of writing style, but they have failed to achieve the success he did. Even though Poe is no longer living, his impact on American literature can still be felt today. Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. Even though Edgar Allan Poe did not grow up around his biological parents, his parents were both actors. â€Å"His father left the familyRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucer s Impact On Literature1231 Words   |  5 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer’s Impact on Literature: English poet Geoffrey Chaucer is acclaimed to be one of the best and most influential poets in history. Geoffrey Chaucer wrote several famous literary works in what is called middle English. Geoffrey Chaucer was born in 1340 in London, England. Over the course of Chaucer’s life, he entered and exited several different social classes. He began to write his most known pieces when he became a public servant to Countess Elizabeth of Ulster in 1357. He diedRead MoreGirl Interrupted And Night Analysis1017 Words   |  5 PagesAuthors tend to use literary elements in their memoirs to exhibit their true intentions. In Girl, Interrupted and Night, Susanna Kaysen and Elie Wiesel manipulate these devices to reveal how enduring agonizing moments in life, can assist with finding one’s individualism. Susanna Kaysen highlights the difficulty with being institutionalized for two years in her memoir, and Elie Wiesel narrates his journey of being imprisoned in Nazi concentration c amps. Within the memoirs, Girl, Interrupted and NightRead MoreThe Allegorical Meaning of The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay851 Words   |  4 Pagesallegory denouncing McCarthyism. The present written task will focus on the following question â€Å"If the text had been written in a different time or place or language or for a different audience, how and why might it differ?† Based on the context of this literary piece, we will therefore see how a text might change based on time period, the setting and the language used in the play The Crucible and the audience for which it was written. The aim of this task is also to visualize the reasons for these differencesRead MoreTaking a Look at the Jazz Age1600 Words   |  6 PagesAge was a time of change and new beginnings for Americans. During the Jazz Age, the United States erupted in new musical and cultural changes. These changes can be seen through the shift in literature, from conservative to contemporary writings, by litera ry giants like F. Scott Fitzgerald and Bessie Smith. The Jazz Age was known as the Roaring Twenties, and is still popular today due to its infamous jazz music, flappers, and prohibition. The Jazz Age was an exciting, and contemporary time period inRead MoreSamuel Clemens : The Father Of American Literature1614 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Literature is a literary genre that is one of the many branches formed from the much broader literary genre, English Literature. Stories such as The Great Gatsby, Of Mice and Men, The Crucible, and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer are all popular examples of American Literature. Many of the most well-known written works of American Literature can be funneled back to one person, Samuel Clemens. Many people might say, who is Samuel Clemens? However, if they are informed of his â€Å"pen† name, they

Observations Essay - What Are the Different Types of Essays?

<h1>Observations Essay - What Are the Different Types of Essays?</h1><p>When you have to find out about a perception exposition, you should simply invest some energy making sense of which sort of article you might want to compose. You might be keen on simply taking a perception overview and afterward expounding on the outcomes that you get from it, or you might need to dive more into the scholastic side of things by expounding on your perceptions of another person's research.</p><p></p><p>For the individuals who do appreciate scholarly composition, at that point a perception paper task can be a significant expertise to learn. This sort of article composing doesn't take so much time as some different kinds of papers require. The perception paper task can be an exceptionally intriguing approach to become familiar with another aptitude, or it very well may be a fantastic method to find out about how to examine and compose well.</p><p> ;</p><p>An perception article task is regularly something that individuals need to find out about when they are first beginning in school. They might be keen on discovering how to get a passing mark on their papers. It can likewise be a path for somebody to communicate in a manner that doesn't give off an impression of being an over the top self-advancement work out. The observatory paper might be a brilliant method to begin on the way to turning into a distributed writer or to push ahead in your picked career.</p><p></p><p>When it comes to composing a noticeable undertaking, numerous individuals find that they aren't as open to expounding on themselves as they would be tied in with something they were appointed to compose. There is nothing amiss with that, to the extent it goes. A perception paper task may not be the most ideal approach to begin to investigate the difficulties that you face and the worries that you may have as you are experiencin g the scholarly year. On the off chance that you are searching for an approach to find out about composition for production, at that point the task might be your best bet.</p><p></p><p>If you are simply hoping to perceive what your reactions will be the point at which you are taking an interest in an observational task, at that point you will have the option to begin with one individual perceptions and stir your way up to the entire venture. There is nothing amiss with doing this. This is frequently a path for individuals to check whether they like the subject of their own article, too.</p><p></p><p>Some individuals find that they are truly adept at expounding on their encounters when they are taking an interest in an exploration venture, yet battle with expounding on explicit school subjects. There is no motivation to stress over these things when you are taking a gander at the article task. Set aside some effort to consider the contr asts between the various sorts of exposition ventures. These are questions that you can talk about with the educator of the course, or you can likewise discover answers online.</p><p></p><p>Taking a perception exposition task implies that you should do some exploration and consider how you are going to introduce your perceptions. It might be an extraordinary method to learn, however it might likewise be an exhausting method to learn, also. On the off chance that you are searching for approaches to get around this, at that point you will need to be certain that you are prepared to make a research.</p><p></p><p>In request to get ready for the real composing that you will accomplish for your paper, you should start considering what sort of oral introductions you can give yourself, either on record or in composed structure. This will give you a thought of how you are going to move toward the introduction of your discoveries. You can likewi se consider how you will showcase your exposition in different manners, for example, parting with it to somebody on the Internet, or in any event, offering it to an expert journal.</p>

Yuuure Supplement Essay Contest Sample Essay Samples

Yuuure Supplement Essay Contest Sample Essay SamplesYuuure.com offers multiple examples of essay samples to help you get started in your quest for that Yuuure Supplement Essay Contest entry you've been waiting for. With the company's extensive database of essay samples, it can be easy to be overwhelmed with all the options available. The following are just a few of the options available to you.Sample Search: This option will let you go through every single one of the sample essays available on the site. These samples are all from various Yuuure Essay Contest entrants and the company really makes no claims about these samples being unique. Nevertheless, this is a really good starting point if you want to get started.Some Sample Examples: Here you can get a deeper look at some of the main essays available. Each of these sample essays has a link to the essay when you click on the essay example. This provides you a deeper look at what each of the different essays have to offer.Another Sa mple: A more complete, yet similar list of Yuuure Essay Contest sample essays is available here. The site has the essay samples and all the information you need on each sample. In addition, you will also find links to their other tools like the website builder and your own personal blog. Each of these features has an entirely separate explanation of what they are and how they work.Quick Interviews: As the name implies, these essays give you a chance to get an instant 'no-holds-barred' interview. These can be very interesting, but the downside is that it comes at the cost of time. This is certainly a good choice for those who have already read the Yuuure Essay Contest entry and are looking for a little extra help.Optional Sample: There are also a couple of essay samples included as bonuses for those who order Yuuure Essay Contest entries. They are not completely free, but they do come with a great deal of additional material guides. It will allow you to really dig into the process of writing your essay without any distractions. It also opens up the possibility for you to write a longer essay.As you can see, there are many options to choose from and it is important to remember to read all of the information listed above. Remember that one of the best things about the Yuuure Essay Contest is the fact that there is never any obligation to write a complete essay. After all, this is just a contest, so you do not have to be perfect.

Identifying A Culture At The Navy - 946 Words

Identifying a Culture Growing up with a Master chief father in the Navy meant that every few years our family would pack up and move to yet another new house, new school and subsequently, a new culture. Therefore, leading me to identify with the military culture includes. This includes constant adaptivity to the new lifestyle that one needs to be accustomed to along with exposure to new foods, music, traditions and more. Misconceptions Often children of parents serving in the military receive the term of being a â€Å"military brat†. This is often thought of with a negative connotation as the term â€Å"brat† is seen as a child with contempt. Those with limited knowledge of the military culture are frequently misunderstood and believe it is demeaning; however, many in the military culture see it as a term of endearment. Another common misconception can be highlighted from the typical Hollywood â€Å"Army Wives† where every episode is filled with drama and scandal. Furthermore, many people have a thought that adultery is common among military spouses. However, as with all families there is drama, yet no more prevalent in the military culture than others believe. Influences While I have lived in six different homes, both my father and mother have been to an innumerable amount of cities around the world which all have some influence in my daily life. From the Philippines to Hawaii and everywhere in between, the foods that I grew up eating and the diet I have been accustomed to areShow MoreRelatedThe Structural Model Approach : Movie Review1454 Words   |  6 PagesAntowne friend death he became homeless wondering in the streets. Antowne Fisher had to decide to enlist in the United States Navy to escape from being homeless. Due to his abusive childhood and the loss of his best friend Antowne had created an uncontrollable anger within himself making it very hard to cope with others. Antowne Fisher had issues with while being the Navy, Fisher had a history of fighting and being a problem shipmate. Denzel Washington who portrayed Dr. Davenport as the psychiatristRead MoreThe Marine Corps Should Have No Restrictions On Tattoos Essay867 Words   |  4 Pagestopic. After carefully reviewing reliable resource it was discovered that the art of tattooing can easily be dated back to the 4th millennium BC (Before the Common Era) mummified bodies discovered in ancient Egypt. Archeologists found themselves identifying tribes as well as historical information the marking and body tattooing. It became clear and concise that ancient rulers would brand their bodies to inform others of their rank and accomplishments, whereas other royal family alleged that tattoosRead MoreTheodore Roosevelts the Threat of Japan1630 Words   |  7 Pageshaving a â€Å"big stick†, a strong military. This is evident in the statement â€Å"treat Japan courteously that she will not be offended more than necessary† and constantly emphasizing the need of â€Å"keeping the Navy at the highest point of efficiency.† Roosevelt stressed harshly upon the need that the Navy needs to be strong in order to firstly keep Japan at bay through deterrence theory and secondly able to win wars if the need ever arise to. This shows that Roosevelt took Japan as a menace very seriouslyRead MoreWhat Is Modernity, And Is It A Helpful Concept For Understanding The World Today?851 Words   |  4 PagesFor instance, from the point of view in history, modernity can be traced back to the seventeenth century, when the European began to outstrip the rest of the world in the sophistication of their ideas and military technology, the strength of their navies, and the organisation of economic production. This transformation enabled Europe to spread its new institutions across the globe and triggered the phenomenon we call ‘modernity’, the logical precursor to the curr ent era of globalisation (Cohen andRead MoreThe Combat And Operational Stress Control1354 Words   |  6 Pages17, 2017 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze three published articles that discussed the Combat and Operational Stress Control (COSC) program in the U.S Marine Corps, and it’s parallel in the U.S Navy, the Operational Stress Control that aims to prevent, identify, and treat stress problems being faced by the Marines, Sailors, and their families. The articles, however, offered different approaches on how its three primary components (stress continuumRead MoreFamily Influences : Culturally Antwone Never Felt Like He1407 Words   |  6 Pagestaught Antwone his culture early on, in which he always carried with him. His neighborhood friendship with Jessie allowed him to feel a sense of safety, something he did not have anywhere else. His high school allowed him to feel competent and worthy as he achieved multiple certifications and a high school diploma. Then his social worker dropping him off at a local homeless shelter gave him a sense of hopelessness. When he enlisted i n the U.S. Navy, he embraced the military culture. And although heRead MoreCase Study : The Legend And Devil Of Ramadi 903 Words   |  4 PagesChristopher (â€Å"Chris†) Scott Kyle Nickname(s): â€Å"The Legend† and â€Å"Devil of Ramadi† Date of Birth: April 8, 1974 Location: Odessa Texas, United States of America Military: Yes Service/Branch: United States Navy Years of Service: 1999-2009 Rank: Chief Petty Officer Unit: U.S. Navy Seal Identifying Information/ Presenting Problem Chris is a 38 year old, heterosexual, masculine, Caucasian male. Chris has just recently returned home from Iraq after serving four tours. He claims to be having troubleRead MoreRunning Head:Policy. . . . . . Assignment #4: Problem Solution1195 Words   |  5 PagesControl (COSC) tool was created to provide access and appropriate framework to help for prevention interventions. These tools are available to active duty and retired Sailors, Marines, and their families. While COSC is implemented within the U.S Navy and U.S Marine Corps, different approaches have been observed and adopted to help leaders recognize distress among their personnel and intervene accordingly. While Nash et al. (2011) placed stressed on a model based on the science of preventive medicineRead MoreAlliance System and New Imperialism Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesBismarck when he joined the three most conservative powers of the Big Five- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia into the Three Emperor’s L eague. The League made consultation over mutual interest and friendly neutrality corner stone of the alliance. Identifying enemies and choosing allies depended on geographic weaknesses. Each of the Great Powers had geographic weaknesses. Germany’s weakness lay in its North seaports. German shipping along its only coast could be concurred by a powerful naval forceRead MoreIllinois State University Case Study715 Words   |  3 PagesTopics included student scholarships, faculty support, leadership and civic-engagement, and facilities and technology. Normal Tradition in Chicago Illinois State University’s A Normal Tradition in Chicago event drew nearly 300 alumni and friends to Navy Pier’s Crystal Gardens. Attendees were able to explore several interactive experiences throughout Crystal Gardens, most created by arts technology students and faculty and the University’s Dr. Jo Ann Rayfield Archives. Infographic videos University

Finite Element Analysis for Various Conditions - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theFinite Element Analysis for Various Driving Conditions. Answer: Introduction Transportation is a key sector that requires careful consideration while choosing the materials, items, machines and platforms to use. All modes of transport ranging from road, water, air and railway has to follow certain regulations to ensure efficiency in its operation. Each form also has its benefits and challenges that help a user to selecting the type of transport to use while dealing with particular goods. Air is the fastest mode of transport but the problem is that it has a low carrying capacity and fatal accidents as well. Water carries the heaviest loads over long distances with little limitation although it is slow and the accidents can be fatal depending on the location and extents of damage (Hughes, 2012). Railway is advantageous in carrying of bulk but then faces the problem of fatal accidents and low speed. Road transport is finally the most used by people around the world as it allows for the transportation of people and goods over short distances. The form of transportation is affordable to most users and is recognized as the most famous as compared to air and train. The limitations of using road as a medium of transport is that one cannot go for a very long distance and the load carried is limited as well. Roads have certain regulations that require limitation of load weight to reduce the number of accidents caused by heavy trucks. The pavements or paths used by vehicles are constructed in such a way that they follow certain design rules that only allow up to certain weights of loads in transit(Wang, Hao, Al-Qadi, 2009). The road rules and regulations in the Australian transport system ensure that trucks observe a certain minimum weight to match with the standards of the pavement design. Problem Statement Many sectors of the economy require the use of trucks in transportation of selected goods from one location to another. Some industries like agriculture, manufacturing and processing utilize the use of lorries to ensure that they can easily and efficiently move items over short and long distances (Chae, 2006). These industries regularly transport their goods to different areas and it is therefore important to carefully observe the key road regulations that aim at the maintenance of a secure environment at all times. Since the same road is also used by private cars, the heavy vehicles are required to ensure that their loads do not inconvenience other users by maintain a weight limit (Crisfield, Remmers, Verhoosel, 2012). There has been a lot of complains on the roads that petrol tankers, lorries carrying heavy products like tree logs, farm products and maybe metallic items are the leading causes of accidents. Some of them carry past their limit capacity and end up being unstable on t he roads and hence causing accidents. They are also connected to traffic jams as some move at a slower speed that it is expected in selected highways. Trucks are designed in such a way that there is a limitation of the weight that can be transported using that specific machine. There are different types of trucks ranging with size and the number of Axles supporting them. Depending on the axle load, a certain vehicle has its wheels supported in such a way that it can only carry specified loads for stability reasons. The design processes of the trucks in comparison to that of the roads is equally similar as they both consider security and durability. All vehicles as long as they carry to their required weights can be sustained by a certain road pavement (Chae, 2006). Road design ensures the use of strong materials like concrete and cement to ensure for a long lasting and safe final result. Since a road is used by all kinds of vehicles carrying different luggage, then the design aims at durability and safety first before coming to the standard. The infinite element of the truck loads on the roads involves the prediction or testing of a product to look at its physical elements in relations to performance. Infinite analysis considers whether the product will perform its desired function, maintain the particular challenges or break due to factors of force, heat, vibrations and workforce (Dhillon, 2013). Roads are designed in such a way to maintain operations for the longest period of time without submerging to factors of the vehicles operating on them. The concrete pavements follow the ethics and regulations of the modern engineering and architecture activities. These activities should be authorized by the legal environment in the design and sketching stage to allow its implementation on the ground. The trucks are also designed putting into consideration the weight of the load as well as the impact of the resulting vehicles on the roads. (Crisfield, Remmers, Verhoosel, 2012). Weight limitation differs in different countries b ut usually follows through similar procedures of ensuring that the trucks do not damage their passageways due to overloading. The study therefore seeks to examine the impact of trucks on pavements or roads designed to the highest standards according to the modern architecture. The different damages that occur on the roads are due to a poorly designed path or a truck exceeding its carrying capacity in consideration to the strength of the pavements. Some paths prevent the passage of trucks exceeding the maximum weight to protect the durability and functionality (Kumar, Rao, 2017). The prediction of truck axles under different driving conditions is therefore a way to establish road performance even when used by those heavy trucks. The study looks at the different processes used to determine a standard road that can be used by particular trucks and the limitations on weight enforced on trucks. Literature Review A concrete design process puts all the necessary factors into consideration to ensure that the final product can serve its purpose with less or no complications. Some designs are less risky while others are more complicated as there is a lot at stake. For example, one cannot compare the design of a phone to that of a car. Although both should be appropriately done to satisfy the users, the car design will have a lot of negative impacts when poorly done. It will not only cause the dissatisfaction of the users but also be a threat to peoples lives and lead to damage of the roads. There are procedures involved in a serious design process right from the idea proposal, to the sketching, then the planning and later implementation of the sketched ides. The issue of infinite element of load trucks on the roads has had many authors writing about the particular issue. There are many limitations when it comes to the amounts of loads that specific trucks should carry in order to qualify using a certain route (Sharma et al, 2015). Most people see those posters allowing only heavy trucks or preventing them from entrance but never understand the reason. Different authors have discussed the issue in a classified manner to give the details concerning design, weight limitations, and the relation of these two factors towards road safety. According to Chandraiah, (2016), road design has taken a new route which ensure for classified considerations in the choice of materials and ways of incorporations. Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) is the advanced method of design and the selection of pavement materials. The most important factor in the road design is the methodology used starting from the choice of materials to the implementation of the final output. MEPDG differs from the other traditional mechanical processes in that it priotizes on technological use in all the aspects of design. Instead of manual labor while implementing on a project, the method utilizes modern utilities (Zheng, Wang, Li, 2017). There are materials considered to make a great impact and durable structures in the construction of strong pavements. The modern and more advanced methodology is in one way or the other more standardized as it follows worlds most recognized designs. The resources used in this case require less work as they have already been made to the final form. Unlike traditional methods whereby equipment was used in their natural forms hence making them more involving, the MEP DG ensures that supplies are refined and easy to use. The performance prediction and finite elements of the pavements are determined by a process called transfer functions. Roads are therefore constructed with more emphasis on the materials used and in any case the viscous-elastic materials are usually a catch for the design process. The comparison between MEPDG procedures and the finite analyses ensures that the vehicles used on the roads meet the specifications of the road safety (Al-Qadi et al, 2008). Designers use the multi-layered theory to analyze the condition of the pavements and paving materials. The most crucial factor is to first of all determine the durability and damaging factors of the materials used. In a much controlled environment, paving materials seem like a small issue but the nature and quality of these is usually key. The design procedure might be done effectively but if it made use of poor materials then the performance might be ineffective. The MEPDG process is highly depended on particular factors that are meant to determine the reliability of the designed product. These factors are traffic, environmental factors, material characterization, distress and pavement responses. The environmental or weather conditions affect the way materials respond. Depending on the direction of the environmental influences, the pavements might end up being the cause of traffic which then affects the way they handle weather conditions or rather the way a pavement can handle different conditions (Kumar, Rao, 2017). Distress might involve breaking down and damage of the pavements that come as a result of the road activities. The MEPDG process follows and has impacts as shown below in the figure. Environmental forces: these determine the ability of the pavements to survive through different weather conditions and still manage to maintain their forms. Through the use of the Enhanced Integrated Climatic Model (EICM), the MEPDG puts into consideration all the factors of weather in relation to construction. They choose materials that can survive through and install them in such a way that it allows for the proper functioning of the pavements during the extreme weather conditions (Pruez, 2013). Some of the aspects put into consideration include proper drainage and maintenance of the ground water level. Traffic Inputs: The MEPDG is observant in the design of traffic effective systems. The great determinant is the axle loads and their ability to manage a journey that requires only a few limitations on smooth flow of traffic. Some of these considerations are vehicle speed, truck loads, tire inflammation and other characteristics (Rao, 2016). Material inputs: The most important aspect is the selected materials in the MEPDG design process as it determines the output of the pavements made. These materials must put into consideration the durability and ability to handle different weather conditions. Truck Axle load and weight limitation As described above using the MEPDG methodology, the design process follows certain procedures and puts into consideration different aspects to ensure proper finite element analysis. The only way to ensure the durability of the pavements is to inspect the nature of the vehicles operating on these roads. Most of the times roads are effectively designed due to the strict code of conduct for the engineering and architecture fields (Castellanos, 2009). The designers in this case are expected to use the appropriate design processes and materials so as to achieve the desired results. The roads get the most consideration of climate, traffic and ability to resist damage in the extreme conditions of pressure and heat. Truck load axle should not exceed various limitations to ensure that their activities preserve road structures and ensures for a durable service. Different countries have different limitations concerning the amount of weights that are expected on a single truck (Pruez et al, 2007 ). To maintain the highest level of efficiency on the roads for the longest time possible, it is important to ensure that the vehicles are well managed. Most individuals and companies overload their trucks for the main purpose of transporting many products at once. They end up exceeding the required weight for truck loads and continuous violation of these regulations leads to road damage (Chandraiah, 2016). Axle load on trucks refers to the total weight supported by the wheels of a vehicle. Depending on the size of truck, the number of wheels connected to a certain vehicle determines the type of weight it can carry at a particular time (Chabot et al, 2010). Roads are constructed to hold all types of vehicles but since they occupy at the same time, then it is only fair to impose certain regulations that control weights. The trucks should limit their loads per journey so to protect both the vehicle and the roads as well. According to the Australian law, a single axle truck should not exceed 20, 000 pounds in the weight on transit. The different vehicles have different carrying capacities but the maximum limitation must apply to all vehicles (Wenchao, Ying, Jun, 2013). The design of the vehicles is done in such a way that the load capacity set aside should be followed. In cases, companies and individuals tend to exceed the limit set for a particular lorry or truck and this leads to damage of the different parts of the vehicle. The axle and engine gets the post pressure since most of the weight and heat is exerted here (Sharma et al, 2015). The tire companies should ensure that their products can support specific loads depending on the number of axles in a single truck. Most trucks are designed in such a manner that they have many wheels consisting of the front and back axle. The connection between these two axles determines its way of handling a certain load. The weight of the truck even without the loads is enough to damage a poorly designed path. However, when the truck is loaded, it needs to maintain the limit weight to ensure the protection of the road ways. AXLE WEIGHT Unit Maximum Single Axle 20,000 pounds Axle group less than 8'-6" 34,000 pounds Axle group more than 8'-6" 40,000 pounds wagon axle load 26 tones locomotive axle load 20t Trucks are therefore designed to carry specific loads depending on the number and nature of axles involved in the specific vehicle. It is estimated that most of the transport activities are in one way or the other related to the durability of the roads. The design of the pavements alone cannot determine the extent of the damage (Kumar Sabarish, 2014). The vehicles using these pathways and their weights are what determine level of durability and the finite element of the pavements. Scope of the Proposed Work The project examines the different aspects of axle truck conditions and their limited aspects under various driving conditions. It is appropriate to explore the issue of truckloads and the influence they have on the roads and durability of the pavements as well as the vehicles themselves. Some of the questions that need to be answered by this project include: What are the limitations enforced by the Australian government concerning the issue of axle truckloads? What are the infinite elements of truckloads under different driving conditions? What is the process of pavement design in connection to the modern engineering? What is the relation between the truckload weights and the maintenance of the road networks? Answering of the above stated questions will fulfill the aim of the this study as they are the main focus of the research activity. This particular report is of the Australian design for both their vehicles and roads. Engineering, in this case, is considered to be considerate of the outcome and the application of the product on the ground. When a vehicle is designed, the most consideration is given to the applicability of the product on the road (Dhillon, 2013). The engineers must ask themselves some questions like, what is the stability of the vehicle, how will it survive in the streets, what will be its impact on the constructed pavements. If all these questions seem to have an issue coming up with the answer, then it is clear that there are some aspects that require careful contemplations. The research emphasizes on the methods used to design pavements and the issues that should be put into consideration to ensure that the design process is a success regardless of all the challenges that face transportation. Most of the problems connected to truckload axles in connection with the driving conditions include traffic, weather, materials used and the ability of the road to enduring all-natural factor that might arise. Another issue that seems to be of importance is the truck weight limitations imposed on the Australian transportation department (Chae, 2006). Most of these restrictions are enforced to ensure that there is an agreement between the government and the public. Safety is also another issue that emphasized on while dealing with the research as all the elements of finite analysis come down to road safety. Proposed Approach The study has come up with different methodologies to handle the issue concerning the finite analysis of the axle loads. The best approaches that provide the most detailed data are the scientific and analytical methods that analyze all the forces affecting the field. The studys primary objective is to come up with data and information that critically looks into the subject matter from all perspectives (Kim Ban, 2010). Other researchers have used different methods to analyze similar or related cases and faced various challenges or triumphs. The research was therefore informed on the issue of methodologies used. Analytical Methods Analytical methods involve the collection of data from different sources and then analyzing the information to come up with the conclusions. The best way of handling this case study is looking back to what other authors have done concerning the research and then developing findings from it. According to Sharma, (2015), truck weight limitations are done through a continuous process and agreement between different groups of individuals (Ihlenburg, 2006). The convention brings together the transport service, civil engineering and various companies. The information that each of these parties is required to give or even receive depends on their role in the agreements. Data from the different departments show that the only way to achieve a fruitful association is by involving all the parties responsible (Liu, Wang, Oeser, 2017). One way of providing that there are fewer inconveniences is coming up with strategies that benefit all the individuals instead of focusing on just one department (Crisfield, Remmers, Verhoosel, 2012). The weight limits of for example 20,000 pounds on a single axle shows that there should be ways of measuring the weights to determine those who have exceeded the limits. Scientific Methods Scientific methods are also used in the study to determine the processes involved in the design of the vehicles and the pavements for the purpose of a strict operation. The research team had to talk directly to the specific engineers and contractors who gave an explanation about various technical processes. According to these professionals, the scientific approaches look at the design and functionality of a product from the initial stages until completion. Roads and vehicle plan must focus on elements predicted to bring challenges in the functionality of the item later on in the future (Kwasniewski, Wekezer, Malachowski, 2006). The following design processes are necessary in the technical aspects that determine finite elements of truck axles on the pavements. AASHTO design guide is used in the design of the pathways that look out for the ability of the roads to survive different weather conditions. The design process is under the MEPDG whose primary purpose is to come up with the most functional structures that have put into considerations the traffic, durability, materials, and climate (Hughes, 2012). The Enhanced Integrated Climatic Model (EICM) is also another scientific and engineering procedure that usually applies in the cases of designing durable and weather reliable pavements. The above processes, i.e, AASHTO and EICM consider making a final product that will be resistant to nature and climatic changes. Since the vehicles and roads are exposed to the environment, it is only appropriate to install features that reduce the damaging effects of weather. If natural forces are regulated, then the finite elements of the truck loads become more effective (Gonzlez et al, 2008). Heavy vehicles are able to survive weather changes without damage of material and inability of certain parts to perform their functions. These procedures come up with designs that enable both the pavements and the trucks to effectively perform their functions. The scientific approach usually focuses on getting data connected to the engineering and the design of the different aspects of the transportation systems (Topac, Gnal Kuralay, 2009). The vehicles are in one way or the other valuable in the maintenance of the roads leaving alone the natural causes and disasters. The best way to ensure that pavement is secure and reliable to be used by particular trucks is to follow through its design and implementation. There are ways that the roads can be constructed and lead to fractures as well as damage of property and lives (Ainsworth Oden, 2011). It is therefore essential to relate the design of the streets to that of the vehicles. Both models should be able to give the finite element of operation and reliability in the long run. Timeline and Resources The following are the resources as well as the timeline of the study. Resources Availability Researchers, data collectors Available Transportation One vehicle is enough Reading materials Library books and journals, e-books Communication strategies Available proper network connections Engineers or contractors Available on the sites to explain the different issues Timeline The study should take approximately two weeks to ensure that all aspects of the project are covered. Activity Time Preliminaries and preparation of study 1 day Formulation of objectives and goals of study 1 day Different site visits 3days Interviews with engineers and contractors 2 days Collection of data from other sources like the written materials 1 day Analyzing of data 2 days Presentation of the conclusions to the board 1 day References Ainsworth, M., Oden, J. T. (2011). A posteriori error estimation in finite element analysis (Vol. 37). John Wiley Sons. Al-Qadi, I., Wang, H., Yoo, P., Dessouky, S. (2008). Dynamic analysis and in situ validation of perpetual pavement response to vehicular loading. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2087), 29-39. Castellanos, M., El-Gindy, M., Fedishen, C., Maciejewski, D., Atahan, A. O. (2009). Truck front underride development: literature survey. International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems, 17(1), 18-34. Chabot, A., Chupin, O., Deloffre, L., Duhamel, D. (2010). Viscoroute 2.0 a: tool for the simulation of moving load effects on asphalt pavement. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 11(2), 227-250. Chae, S. (2006). Nonlinear finite element modeling and analysis of a truck tire. Chandraiah, K. P. (2016). Static and Dynamic Analysis of Eicher-E2 Chassis Using Finite Element Method. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 2(9). Crisfield, M. A., Remmers, J. J., Verhoosel, C. V. (2012). Nonlinear finite element analysis of solids and structures. John Wiley Sons. Dhillon, R. S. (2013). Development of truck tire-terrain finite element analysis models (Doctoral dissertation). Gonzlez, A., Rattigan, P., OBrien, E. J., Caprani, C. (2008). Determination of bridge lifetime dynamic amplification factor using finite element analysis of critical loading scenarios. Engineering Structures, 30(9), 2330-2337. Hughes, T. J. (2012). The finite element method: linear static and dynamic finite element analysis. Courier Corporation. Ihlenburg, F. (2006). Finite element analysis of acoustic scattering (Vol. 132). Springer Science Business Media. Kim Ph D, Y. R., Ban Ph D, H. (2010). Impact of Truck Loading on Design and Analysis of Asphaltic Pavement Structures. Kumar, A., Sabarish, R. (2014). Structural and Thermal Analysis of Brake Drum. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 20(8), 1012-1016. Kumar, R. S., Rao, M. S. (2017). Design and Structural Analysis of Ashok Leyland Lorry Chassis. International Journal of Engineering Science, 14764. Kwasniewski, L., Li, H., Wekezer, J., Malachowski, J. (2006). Finite element analysis of vehiclebridge interaction. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 42(11), 950-959. Liu, P., Wang, D., Oeser, M. (2017). Application of semi-analytical finite element method to analyze asphalt pavement response under heavy traffic loads. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 4(2), 206-214. Pruez, J., Shoukry, S., Williams, G., Shoukry, M. (2013). Lightweight Composite Materials for Heavy Duty Vehicles. West Virginia University. Rao, V. N. (2016). Development of Simulation Methodology to Predict Crack Growth Behavior in Heavy Duty Truck Components using Full Vehicle Response Dynamic Loads. North Carolina State University. Sharma, S., Sharma, S., Tiwari, S., Gupta, U. (2015). Finite Element Simulation and Validation of Fully Suspended Heavy Duty Commercial Vehicle (HCV) as per AIS029 Pendulum Impact Test (No. 2015-01-2873). SAE Technical Paper. Topac, M. M., Gnal, H., Kuralay, N. S. (2009). Fatigue failure prediction of a rear axle housing prototype by using finite element analysis. Engineering Failure Analysis, 16(5), 1474-1482. Wang, D. F., Cheng, C., Qin, M., Liu, Z. W. (2008). Rigid-elastic coupling modelling of air suspension and fatigue life prediction of its key part for heavy-duty truck. International journal of vehicle design, 47(1-4), 305-317. Wang, Hao, and Imad Al-Qadi. (2009)"Combined effect of moving wheel loading and three-dimensional contact stresses on perpetual pavement responses." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2095: 53-61. Wenchao, Z., Ying, C., Jun, X. (2013). Finite element analysis for frame of truck pump. Hoisting and Conveying Machinery, 6, 008. Zheng, L. F., Wang, T., Li, G. X. (2017). Vibration and noise analysis of heavy-duty trucks based on power train light weighting. Journal of Vibroengineering, 19(6).

Western Music History free essay sample

Music, much like most of what human beings have declared to be a form of art, has gone through thousands of years of evolution that it now no longer resembles much of what its pioneers intended to be. Indeed, the definition of music in itself along with Its performance and significance may vary according to different cultures and social contexts. It is this ambiguity that has allowed music to traverse not only physical boundaries but also to build bridges between gaps, whether it be culturally or even through a metaphysical period of time and space.It was, however, not always o black-and-white during the days of early musical revolution; it was even less of the case when It came to classical music. For the remainder of this thesis, I would Like to bring attention to four composers who I felt not only helped music evolve in terms of style, but also change the way the world will look at them, forever. We will write a custom essay sample on Western Music History or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page First, let us begin by defining what the various styles of classical music is, as well as their evolutions.Early Western classical music is divided into medieval, renaissance and baroque, the last of which is where this thesis will be delving into first before owing along the timeline, Mozart and Beethoven biographer Maynard Solomon has said that while the arguably two most famous composers of all time have helped popularize classical music amongst the general masses through various means of media, it is without a doubt that without the likes of Bach and his peers, there would have been no Gustavo Mailer or Richard Strauss. That would take place centuries after most of these composers have passed on. Nevertheless, how exactly did the composers of back then affect not only music, but people in general now? Richard Tarpaulins from the university of California argued that John Adams opera The Death of Cliffhanger was romanticism terrorists, and Australian-American composer Melissa Dungy has been frowned upon for using wordings from controversial speeches against neo-Baroque styled music for politically charged pieces. Did classical music really have a hand in the political or socio-economic scene of their time period?Let us take a look. Going not only in chronological order but also in terms of musical evolution, the first to come up would be a man known the world over by his last name: Johann Sebastian Bach. Such Is the legacy of the man that after over 200 years of his death, his middle and surname would be taken as the stage name of rock/metal band skid Rows frontal. While most people would assume a composer is merely someone who sits at a piano, Bach was in reality an organist, harpsichordist, violist and violinist.A pioneer of the Baroque period, Bach began musical tutelage under his father, a 1 OFF puns Johann Sebastian had to live with his brother Johann Christopher from the tender young age of 9 after his parents had passed away. Through his brother, who has an organ player in church and had himself studied under Johann Poachable, Bach began learning the clavichord before being given a scholarship to study music at the age of 14. This would later prove invaluable as it exposed him to a wider aspect of European culture, whilst rubbing shoulders with the sons of noblemen.Once free from his studies at SST. Michaels School in Lundeberg, each came into the employment of several churches and even one Duke Johann Ernst from Wiener. His dissatisfaction with his employers led him to seek a Job at SST. Ballasts, where not only did he have better working conditions, but it is also where e met his future wife Maria Barbara Bach. After convincing the church and city government to renovate the organ at the church, he in turn wrote his first hit Got 1st mien KÂ ¶nigh, Bow71- for the inauguration of the new council.In 1723, Bach began to get seriously busy and began rewriting his and other composers composition, this is a common practice in those days, it is known that Bachs technique of imitating and improvising is nearly as creative as an original composition. It was between 1722 and 1742 when Bach would write The Well-Tempered Clavier to demonstrate a technique allied equal temperament, which meant that all adjacent notes will have an identical frequency ratio, and doing so in all 24 major and minor keys.Due to this, most classically trained pianists can find their way between an F# and a b, which are two different notes although they are the same inharmoniously. Indeed, after his death, Beethoven called Bach the original father of harmony'(Schuster, 1903). After the passing of Bach in 1750, six years later a boy would be born also in Germany, and Just like Bach, have his first name given to the son of rock legend Eddie an Helen, and his middle name the title of a cult movie: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.Although widely regarded as someone from the classical era as opposed to Baroque as in the case of Bach, Mozart came from similar beginnings: his father was too a famous violinist. However, unlike Bach, Mozart needed not receive any musical e ducation; he was spotted as prodigy early on by his father at the tender age of 3, and already writing simple compositions by the age of 5. Along with his sister Maria Anna, nicknamed Manner, Mozart and family would travel across Europe to play in courts to the audience of several noblemen. Indeed, a particular influence on the puns Mozart would be to see one Johann Christian Bach, the youngest son of Johann Sebastian Bach, whom he met in London in 1764 and 1765. Touring back then was even more difficult than in todays time, as they constantly had to wait for reimbursement from the nobility as well as near-fatal illnesses that struck both the children as well as father Leopold. After returning from Italy on March 1773, Mozart, No had by now composed several operas, soon found appointment in the Salisbury court by employment of ruler Prince-Archbishop Hieronymus Colored.It was here hat Mozart developed some of his best works: five violin concertos, the only ones he aver wrote, as well as a K. 271, a piano concerto considered by many to be trade there as well as Paris, it would not be until his move to Vienna in 1781 after a falling out with his employer Archbishop Colored that Mozart would become the composer we know of him as today. This move is the revolutionary step i n his career, as well as his life (Solomon, 1995). He soon immersed himself in the works of Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frederic Handel, due to Gottfried van Sweeties owning many manuscripts of Baroque maestros. Needless to say, his knowledge of these pieces of work along with his prodigious skills made him a remarkably famous and successful composer, which in turn led him to becoming a Freemason in 1784. Towards the end of his life, Mozart returned to writing operas, writing the masterpieces The Marriage of Figaro and Don Giovanni before the Status-Turkish Near hindered his career. Indeed, a young Beethoven spent several weeks in Vienna hoping to study with him, although no records indicate that the two ever met. Alas, Mozart would fall ill on 6 September 1791 and die almost exactly 3 months later, on 5December at the age of 35. Nevertheless, when one door closes, another opens. This came in the form of a Polish composer by the name of FRRdrich Francis Chopin. Like Mozart, Chopin too Nas a prodigy, and likewise also received musical training from not only his father ho was a flautist and violinist, but also his mother who played the piano. Unlike Mozart, he did receive musical education from Czech composer Which Zany. Just like his predecessors, he started his career at the age of 7 by giving public concerts, before becoming a playmate to the son of Grand Duke Constantine, the RussianPoland ruler. By the autumn of 1826, Chopin began studies under the wing of composer JÂ ¶kef Lesser at the Warsaw Conservatory. Three years later, he would be premiering his Variations on L CIA dared la mono, Pop. 2 which is a variation of a theme from Mozart aforementioned Don Giovanni. The difference between Chopin and his virtuoso predecessors is that his income from teaching and composing allowed him to be financially independent of concert-giving, something Mozart and Bach were not so lucky to have. After leaving Poland for the very last time in 1831,Chopin became a French citizen and firmly established himself as one of Rupees premiere piano players and composers, playing pieces by Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, and also his ow n. Combining elements of his traditional Polish folk music as well as from the composers above, Chopin ushered in a new age of music: the Romantic period. Alas, Just like many greats before and after him, Chopping health, Inch was already known to be very poorly since a very young age, deteriorated very quickly. On 17th October 1849, Chopin passed away with his sister Ludwig by his side.His cause of death has been thought to be tuberculosis, although it is debatable; it has since simply been known as Chopping disease. She then removed his heart and placed it in an urn, which is now interred in Warsaw Holy Cross church. It should be noted that his funeral was a grand affair, with entrance being restricted to ticket holders, as well as Mozart Requiem being Chopin was known for employing a rubout style of playing into his work, a style that Nas also prevalent in the works of Mozart before him.Fellow Romantic era composer Robert Schumann also noted that Chopin had a strong sense of Polish nationalism in IM; he once said in a review of Chopping concertos in 1836 that Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the 1830 rising], their appeal to us artists is even stronger if the mighty autocrat in the north [I. E. Tsar Alexander l] could know that in Chopping works, in the simple strains of his mazurka, there lurks a dangerous enemy, he would place a ban on his music. Chopping works are cannon buried in flowers! (Schumann, 1988).Last but not least, the composer who is considered to have bridged the gap between late 19th century and early 20th century Western classical music: Claude Debussy. Along with fellow composer Maurice Ravel, Debussy was one of the most prominent and influential composers of Impressionist music. Hailing from France, Debussy is the only one of the four composers Vie mentioned that came from a non-musical background; his father owned a shop which sold china and crockery, and his mother Nas a seamstress. He began taking violin lessons at the age of seven, who in turn drew the attention of supposed Chopin student Marie Matt De Belleville. At the age of 10, he enrolled in the Paris Conservatoire, where he spent 11 years studying and truck up a friendship with fellow student Isadora Philipp, who after Debussy death Mould be asked for advice on how to play his pieces. Although he played pieces by Beethoven, Schumann and Chopin in public, Debussy did not like to conform to the teachings of the Academy, instead using dissonance techniques and intervals which Newer considered unorthodox. Perhaps much too far ahead for his time, Debussy became very close to the patroness of famous Russian composer Tchaikovsky, who in turn regarded Debussy work as lacking unity.After exposure to late composer Richard Wagers work, he then set about working on his style: a sensory component to his music and striking harmonies. His initial works, including the now famous Claim De Lune, shows his usage of Parthian modal composition as well as scales not usually employed in the style of music in that day and age. His usage of parallel chords, hole -tone and pentatonic scales as well as unprepared modulations would be essential to Jazz music decades later. He also drew inspiration from other forms of art, such as literature and even from something as odd as mathematics.

Ethical dilemma of a patient’s refusal of blood transfusion The WritePass Journal

Ethical dilemma of a patient’s refusal of blood transfusion Introduction Ethical dilemma of a patient’s refusal of blood transfusion IntroductionUtilitarian approachDeontological approachMorality versus religionMy personal viewConclusionReferencesRelated Introduction In the analysis of this ethical dilemma we assess a case of a 20-year-old, pregnant, black Hispanic female presented to the Emergency Department (ED) in critical condition following a car accident. She displayed signs and symptoms of internal bleeding and was advised to have a blood transfusion and emergency surgery in an attempt to save her and the foetus. She refused to accept blood or blood products and rejected the surgery as well. Her refusal was based on a fear of blood transfusion due to her religious beliefs. The ethical dilemma presented is whether to respect the patients autonomy and compromise standards of care or ignore the patients wishes in an attempt to save her life. Her religious values are at stake. The issues concerning her values are the right or wrong of her actions and the acceptance, reputation or embarrassment of her decision in the social world. This case demonstrates dilemmas faced by healthcare professionals caring for patients in critical, life-threatening situations who have divergent views and values contrary to what is offered as a solution to their predicament. In the analysis of the ethical dilemma surrounding this particular case, we make explorations basing on two principle approaches; utilitarianism and deontology. This is in an endeavour to find the right moral balance and/or stand between the patient’s view and value and that of the healthcare professional seeking to intervene to restore her to health. Utilitarian approach Utilitarianism believes that the moral standing of an action, whether right or wrong, is dependent entirely on its consequences. This theory holds that the course of action that is considered proper is one that maximizes utility, maximizing happiness and reducing pain/suffering. In this approach, the worth of an action is only determined by outcome or result, consequent to that action. It therefore is a form of consequentialism (Paul and Elder, 2006). For our purpose and appropriate in this context, Mill (1998) argues that the morality of the action depends entirely upon the intention that is, upon what the agent wills to do. Intention, in it being a foresight of consequences, constitutes the moral position of the act, whether right or wrong. I acknowledge that what is morally right and best for her in the values that she has expressed, is her religious stand and affiliation in which the medical interventions proposed are denounced. At the same time, however, and under the circumstances, her health risks might lead to miscarriage and there is likelihood that they might also eventually lead her into depression. In the utilitarian view, the young lady in this situation risks losing her own life and that of the foetus she carries if she does not allow the blood transfusion and surgical procedure to bring her to health. The doctors and nurses therefore have to consider her life first. Her circumstance is considered as legally enforceable and specific according to the Benthams tradition right (1816), assigning to law the role to define inviolable rights to protect the well-being of the individual (Hart, 1973). The utilitarian approach is a straight forward way to determine the best possibilities for all involved, balancing pleasure over pain for everyone (Paul and Elder, 2006). According to this principle, it is better to maximize equality between the lady and her foetus, and in view of her severe pain, to go ahead and perform the blood transfusion and emergency surgery. With this approach, I assume that later in a better state of health and recovery and after saving her life, she will console and will reconcile her moral stand with her predicament. The physicians therefore have the moral right to override the young ladys refusal of the blood transfusion. Also useful in the argument and supporting the judgment for blood transfusion that the doctor may (or must) seek to override the patients refusal are two ethical principles. These are the principle of non-maleficence and the related principle of beneficence. The principle of non-maleficence requires the doctor to avoid harm where possible (Paul and Elder, 2006). So, withholding a proven, beneficial treatment would likely have the effect of producing harm. On the other hand, the principle of beneficence, which is inherent in the maximization of benefits and minimization of harm (Paul and Elder, 2006), could also be useful in support of the argument for the duty to administer the blood transfusion against the patients expressed will. However, this assumption and what society regards as of best interest to the patient should not be determinative of what is ideally her individual best interest. Overriding her wishes and not taking her religious views into account in going ahead with the blood transfusion and intervention might lead to a far worse situation for her. Among the possible eventualities after her treatment is depression, which might result from feeling that she has gone against the rules and expectations of her religion which are very important to her. Her situation might also be worse if she gets eliminated from her church for going against the rules of her religion. She might lose acceptance from her family members and friends. These eventualities might lead to the deterioration of her health, which by taking the contrasted utilitarian approach and our assumptions, we intend to protect. This eventuality will therefore thwart our best intentions. Deontological approach A more appropriate approach, more suitable to determine what is best for her, is Deontology and especially the philosophical tradition of Immanuel Kant. Unlike utilitarianism which is focused on the outcomes, consequences and eventualities of actions, Deontological ethics often referred to as duty-based ethics, are concerned with what people do, their actions. It is the belief that people have a duty to do the right thing, even it produces more harm (or less good) or a bad result than do the wrong thing (Wood, 1999). Kant gives a categorical imperative to act morally at all times. One was that it was wrong to act in a way that treats others as mere means, rather than end in themselves. According to Kant, persons are made special by a distinctive set of principally psychological capacities which includes self-consciousness and rationality, a distinct capacity for personhood (Wood, 1999). This view is founded on two basic principles; first, a person has the distinctive ability to think and to act rationally, best expressed when they behave morally or as a moral community. Secondly, people have dignity and are valuable in a distinctive way, a unique, intrinsic value that has no exchange value. This is in contrast to things which have an exchange value such as a coat whose value is equivalent to the money paid for it (Wood, 1999). According to Deontology, it will be wrong to undermine her autonomy and flout her dignity treat her as a mere means. It is better, therefore, to respect her religious belief and respect her decision not wanting to have the blood transfusion. Respect for the patients principles and her status as a competent adult mandates that doctors should comply with her expressed wishes even if the predicted outcomes are unfavourable or may result in death. It is her choice as a self-conscious, rational adult with intrinsic capacity to evaluate and know what is morally right and acceptable for herself. Morality versus religion For many religious people, and especially those in monotheistic religions, morality and religion are the same they are inseparable. For them, it is either that religion is their morality or that morality is part of their religion (Childress, et al., 1986). Religions have frameworks of values through which adherents are guided in determining right and wrong. The monotheistic religions derive ideas of right and wrong by the rules and laws set in their respective holy books and by their religious leaders (Childress, et al., 1986). For adherents like our patient, the rules set out and as interpreted by religious leaders are absolute and there are dire consequences for flouting such rules. For most monotheistic religions, flouting rules and values is considered sin, a failure that leads to punishment in the after-life. The patient in this instance expresses a fear of blood transfusion due to her religious beliefs, possibly a fear of dire consequence such as future punishment. This absolutism and the derivation of values from deity and holy books can hardly be challenged by rational criticism and explanations that seek to give some worth to disallowed practices and procedures such as blood transfusion in this particular case. My personal view There can be different opinions and points of view about what should be done with the patient in the analysis of this ethical dilemma. There can be different possibilities and we may never reach clear and generally agreeable conclusions with regard to what is morally right in this case, with our conclusions and inferences dependent on our varied ideas and beliefs over morality based on varied religious, societal and cultural backgrounds, among other influences. With the well-being of the individual protected as an inviolable right in the utilitarian approach, and since under the circumstance, the patient risks losing her life, risks miscarriage and possible depression as consequences of her refusal of intervention, the doctors and nurses have to consider her life first as legally enforceable and specific. The related principles of non-maleficence and beneficence provide useful support for the argument requiring that the doctor, with the knowledge of the necessity of the intervention, avoids harm by not withholding such beneficial treatment. This makes the assumption that it is for the patients individual good that she receives treatment even if her expressed will has to be overridden. Although the patients autonomy should be respected as it is her life and at her age she is a competent adult, in this case, she will have to deal with the consequences of the blood transfusion in the future, when in a position of health and when her death has been avoided. This decision is justified based on my opinion to maximize the patient’s high quality of well-being on J. S Mill’s Principles of Utility (1806-1873).   Mill (1998) states that the principle of utility does not mean that any given pleasure or exemption from pain (such as health) is to be looked upon as a means to happiness, and so to be desired. They are desired and desirable in and for themselves; besides being a means, they are a part of the end, a part of the happiness. An acknowledgement of the importance of her religion to her is, however, essential and is considered to be an important part of the argument put forth. Her religious stand and affiliation makes her wary of blood transfusion and represents the morally right position for her. I consider that under the principle of utility applied to this context, blood transfusion, if performed against her expressed will, would cause the patient unhappiness and pain in the future. However, considerations of future stigma and loss of acceptance, or depression resulting from her reaction to these consequences are only possible if she manages to survive her current predicament. It is therefore a priority and a greater good, that she receives such an intervention and manages to survive and that her unborn child also survives. I feel that she has a right to be accepted by the church and her family despite the decisions she makes, with the realization in all rationality that the blood transfusion, though considered a ‘mistake’ or ‘sin’, serves to get her to health and possibly to save her life after the accident. It is not an intended procedure that she willingly sought, but is necessitated by her medical predicament after the accident. She wouldn’t have to have the procedure in a state of adequate health and well-being. I would in this case, therefore, appeal for such rational consideration among the people in her social circle, with the acknowledgement of her predicament and respect for her autonomy and individual capacity and competence. I also consider the people she is associated with and her unborn child and the possible impact her unhappiness would bring them in future. I am aware that this conduct of blood transfusion could upset her family and church and cause some conflict within their relationship, but the main subject to consider is the patient. Respect for her autonomy and competence in the decision would make her feel worthy, valued, respected and dignified.   Depression could result from either of the choices, if the blood transfusion is conducted or not. This could in turn cause harm to her unborn baby, to herself, and to those she associates with in her social world, who have to live with the consequences of such ill health. This means that whether or not the blood transfusion is conducted, there will possibly be consequences and we have then to weigh the relative impact of either option over the other to acquire a morally right position. However, our assumptions of the best interest for the patient and her good cannot be determinative of her ideal best interests. The consequences from proceeding with the blood transfusion against her expressed will, which we consider less harmful than the consequences of withholding of treatment, might well turn out to be worse for her. Depression and deterioration of health exacerbated by her loss of acceptance in her church and social circle could be terrible for her, worse in her case than the consequences of death or ill health consequent from withholding treatment which we consider to have more harm. Will we, by overriding her will, therefore be undermining her autonomy and treating her as a mere means? Acknowledging that she is a self-conscious and rational individual having distinct capacity and competence, we would and it would clearly be wrong to undermine her autonomy and flout her dignity. She can rationally evaluate the predicted outcomes, however unfavourable, and make appropriate decisions on what is acceptable for herself and morally right. The doctors therefore should comply with her expressed wishes, however unfavourable the outcome. From these arguments put forward in this case, I deduce that there would be more negatives than positives if the blood transfusion is conducted, even with her death and the loss of her unborn child as possible eventualities of withholding treatment. Conclusion The overall and ultimate questions are who is or what is it that determines what is right and what is wrong? Do we do what is morally right according to the patient and respect their autonomy or do we go against her wishes and act based on what we as a society feel is morally right according to us? Given that our conclusions are dependent upon individual ideas and beliefs about what is moral and what is immoral basing on our religious, societal, cultural backgrounds, etc., what should we do in line with our work ethics, beliefs, codes of conduct, etc.? In assessing the case of the 20-year-old patient and the ethical dilemma resulting from her refusal of blood transfusion citing contravention to her religious beliefs, I have made explorations of this particular case using two major approaches; the utilitarian and deontological principles, together with the ethical principles of non-maleficence and beneficence to support the various arguments. The utilitarian approach seeks to protect the well-being of the patient as a legally enforceable right as under these circumstances, justifying the override of her wishes to conduct the blood transfusion. This approach is supported by ethical principles of non-maleficence and beneficence, that the doctor avoids harming the patient by not withholding necessary intervention and beneficial treatment. On the other hand, Kantianism/the deontological approach seeks to protect the autonomy and psychological independence of the patient in the evaluation of her predicament and the making of choices appropriate and acceptable to her in her moral standing. This latter approach is more appealing, considering that we cannot assume to be able to accurately quantify the greater of harms consequent from any of the choices of the ethical dilemma. There is a tendency for us to determine that death as an eventuality is a significant harm, and therefore to consider it a greater good to try and prevent such an eventuality whatever the arguments against it. This is especially so with an assumption that she can reconcile her predicament later after she manages to survive and is in better health. For the young patient, however, our assumptions of her best interest cannot be determinate of her ideal good and the consequences may turn out to be a greater harm to her, worse than the withholding of treatment. Her unhappiness from the override of her expressed will in conducting the blood transfusion and possible depression may lead to a deterioration of her health, with suffering and death as possible eventualities as well. With this consideration, I deem it morally right that the doctors respect her expressed will not to conduct the blood transfusion however unfavourable the consequences. References Childress, (ed.), James, F., Macquarrie, (ed.) John, 1986. The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Ethics. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press. p. 400. Hart, H., 1973. Bentham on Legal Rights. In: Oxford Essays in Jurisprudence. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. Paul, R., and L., Elder, 2006. The Miniature Guide to Understanding the Foundations of Ethical Reasoning. United States: Foundation for Critical Thinking Free Press. Mill, J., 1998. Crisp, R., ed. Utilitarianism. Oxford University Press. pp. 65. Wood, A., 1999. Kants Ethical Thought. New York: Cambridge University Press.